Mild and effective cleansing compositions

ABSTRACT

A mild cleansing composition is disclosed. The composition includes a from about 1 percent to about 8 percent of an anionic surfactant; and from about 0.1 percent to about 3 percent of a hydrophobically modified, crosslinked, anionic acrylic copolymer, wherein the weight ratio of component a) to component b) is about 1:1 to about 20:1 and wherein the composition is substantially free of non-ionic surfactants. The compositions are useful as shampoos, washes, baths, gels, lotions, creams, and the like.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field Of The Invention

The present invention relates to a cleansing composition, which is mildto the skin and/or eyes with appropriate cleansing and foamingperformance.

2. Description Of The Prior Art

Synthetic detergents, such as cationic, anionic, amphoteric, andnon-ionic surfactants, are widely used in detergent and cleansingcompositions. It is desirable that such compositions possess good foamvolume and stability when used in, for example, shampoos. The amount offoam generated is directly related to the perceived efficiency withwhich it cleans the hair. In general, the greater the volume of foamproduced and the greater the stability of the foam, the more efficientthe perceived cleansing action of the shampoo.

Anionic surfactants generally exhibit superior cleansing and foamingproperties, and thus are incorporated into many personal cleansingcompositions. However, these anionic surfactants tend to be veryirritating to the skin and eyes in levels typically used, e.g., greaterthan about 10 weight percent. In order to produce more mild cleansingcompositions, it is well-known to replace some of the anionic surfactantwith other surfactants, such as nonionic and/or amphoteric surfactants.See, e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 4,726,915. Another approach to producing mildcleansing compositions is to associate the anionic surfactants withamphoteric or cationic compounds in order to yield surfactant complexes.See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,443,362; 4,726,915; 4,186,113; and4,110,263. Disadvantageously, such mild cleansing compositions tend tosuffer from poor foaming and cleansing performance.

It is therefore, an object of this invention to provide effectivecleansing compositions that exhibit good foaming properties withoutcompromising the mildness and safety properties of the overall cleansingcomposition.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a personal cleansing compositioncomprising, consisting of, and/or consisting essentially of, based uponthe total weight of the composition:

-   -   a) from about 1 percent to about 8 percent of an anionic        surfactant; and    -   b) from about 0.1 percent to about 3 percent of a        hydrophobically modified, crosslinked, anionic acrylic        copolymer,    -   wherein the weight ratio of component a) to component b) is        about 1:1 to about 20:1, and wherein the composition is mild to        the skin and/or eyes and is substantially free of non-ionic        surfactants.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a personalcleansing composition comprising, consisting of, and/or consistingessentially of, based upon the total weight of the composition:

-   -   a) from about 3.5 percent to about 8.5 percent of an anionic        surfactant; and    -   b) from about 0.1 percent to about 3 percent of a        hydrophobically modified, crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymer;        and    -   c) from about 1 percent to about 25 percent of a nonionic        surfactant        wherein the weight ratio of component a) to component b)        composition is about 1:1 to about 25:1, and wherein the        composition is mild to the skin and/or eyes.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a personalcleansing composition comprising, consisting of, and/or consistingessentially of, based upon the total weight of the composition:

-   -   a) from about 4 percent to about 8.5 percent of an anionic        surfactant;    -   b) from about 0.1 percent to about 3 percent of a        hydrophobically modified, anionic, acrylic crosslinked polymer;        and    -   c) from about 1 percent to about 30 percent of an amphoteric        surfactant;    -   wherein the weight ratio of component a) to component b)        composition is 3:1 to about 40:1 and wherein the composition is        mild to the skin and/or eyes and is substantially free of ocular        sting.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a personalcleansing composition comprising, consisting of, and/or consistingessentially of, based upon the total weight of the composition:

-   -   a) from about 0.1 percent to about 12.5 percent of an anionic        surfactant; and    -   b) from about 0.1 percent to about 8 percent of a        hydrophobically modified, crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymer,    -   wherein the weight ratio of component a) to component b)        composition is about 1:1 to about 40:1, and the composition is        substantially free of amphoteric surfactants and is mild to the        skin.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method ofreducing ocular sting in a detergent composition comprised, consistingof, and/or consisting essentially of, based upon the total weight of thecomposition, from about 4 percent to about 8.5 percent of an anionicsurfactant and from about 1 percent to about 30 percent of an amphotericsurfactant, said method comprised, consisting of, and/or consistingessentially of:

-   -   a) adding a hydrophobically modified, crosslinked anionic        acrylic copolymer thereto in an amount, based upon the total        weight of the composition, from greater than about 0.1 percent        to about 3.0 percent, under conditions sufficient, wherein the        weight ratio of anionic surfactant to hydrophobically modified,        crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymer is about 3:1 to about 40:1        and the weight ratio of anionic surfactant to amphoteric        surfactant is about 1:0.8 to about 1:4.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method ofreducing skin and/or eye irritancy in a detergent composition comprised,consisting of, and/or consisting essentially of, based upon the totalweight of the composition, from about 0.1 percent to about 12.5 percentof an anionic surfactant, said method comprised, consisting of, and/orconsisting essentially of:

-   -   a) adding a hydrophobically modified, crosslinked anionic        acrylic copolymer thereto in an amount, based upon the total        weight of the composition, from greater than about 0.1 percent        to about 8 percent, under conditions sufficient, wherein the        weight ratio of anionic surfactant to hydrophobically modified,        crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymer is about 1:1 to about        40:1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

As used herein, “copolymers” shall mean a polymer formed from two ormore mer units and includes, but is not limited to terpolymers.

As used herein, compositions that are “mild to the skin” refer tocompositions that have low skin irritancy properties as indicated by: a)a relatively high TEP value as determined in accordance with the TEPTest as set forth herein; and/or b) a passing score in the fourscreening tests (cell viability; cell lysis; and cytokine release (IL-2∝and IL-1ra) performed in accordance with the Skin Assay Test as setforth herein.

As used herein, a composition that is “mild to the eyes” refers tocompositions that possess a relatively high TEP value as determined inaccordance with the TEP Test as set forth herein.

As used herein, a composition that is “substantially free of ocularsting” or “substantial lack of ocular sting” refers to compositions thatpossess relatively low sting values as determined in accordance with theOcular Sting Test as set forth herein.

As used herein, the terms “substantially free of non-ionic surfactants”shall mean that the composition contains, based upon the total weight ofthe composition, less than about 1.0 percent, e.g., less than about 0.5percent, or less than about 0.1 percent, or less than about 0.01percent, or less than about 0.001 percent, of non-ionic surfactants.

As used herein, the terms “substantially free of amphoteric surfactants”shall mean that the composition contains, based upon the total weight ofthe composition, less than about 1.0 percent, e.g., less than about 0.5percent, or less than about 0.1 percent, or less than about 0.01percent, or less than about 0.001 percent, of amphoteric surfactants.

The first embodiment of the present invention is directed to a personalcleansing composition containing, based upon the total weight of thecomposition, a) from about 1 percent to about 8 percent, e.g. from about2 percent to about 7 percent or from about 3 percent to about 6 percentof an anionic surfactant; and b) from about 0.1 percent to about 3percent, e.g. from about 0.2 percent to about 2.7 percent or from about0.3 percent to about 2.4 percent of a hydrophobically modified,crosslinked, anionic acrylic copolymer, wherein the weight ratio ofcomponent a) to component b) is about 1:1 to about 20:1, e.g. from about1:1 to about 10:1 or from about 1:1 to about 5:1, and wherein thecomposition is mild to the skin and/or eyes and is substantially free ofnon-ionic surfactants. In embodiments wherein substantial lack of ocularsting is of concern, the composition further contains, based upon thetotal weight of the cleansing composition, from about 0.5 percent toabout 35 percent, e.g. from about 1 percent to about 20 percent or fromabout 2 percent to about 20 percent, of an amphoteric surfactant,wherein the weight ratio of anionic surfactant: amphoteric surfactant isfrom about 1:0.8 to about 1:4, e.g., from about 1:0.9 to about 1:3 orfrom about 1:1 to about 1:2.

Suitable anionic surfactants include those selected from the followingclasses of surfactants:

-   -   an alkyl sulfate of the formula        R′—CH₂OSO₃X′;    -   an alkyl ether sulfate of the formula        R′(OCH₂CH₂)_(v)OSO₃X′;    -   an alkyl monoglyceryl ether sulfate of the formula    -   an alkyl monoglyceride sulfate of the formula    -   an alkyl monoglyceride sulfonate of the formula    -   an alkyl sulfonate of the formula        R′—SO₃X′;    -   an alkylaryl sulfonate of the formula    -   an alkyl sulfosuccinate of the formula:    -   an alkyl ether sulfosuccinate of the formula:    -   an alkyl sulfosuccinamate of the formula:    -   an alkyl amidosulfosuccinate of the formula    -   an alkyl carboxylate of the formula:        R′—(OCH₂CH₂)_(w)—OCH₂CO₂X′;    -   an alkyl amidoethercarboxylate of the formula:    -   an alkyl succinate of the formula:    -   a fatty acyl sarcosinate of the formula:    -   a fatty acyl amino acid of the formula:    -   a fatty acyl taurate of the formula:    -   a fatty alkyl sulfoacetate of the formula:    -   an alkyl phosphate of the formula:        wherein    -   R′ Is an alkyl group having from about 7 to about 22, and        preferably fom about 7 to about 16 carbon atoms,    -   R′₁ is an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 18, and        preferably from about 8 to about 14 carbon atoms,    -   R′₂ is a substituent of a natural or synthetic I-amino acid,    -   X′ is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal ions,        alkaline earth metal ions, ammonium ions, and ammonium ions        substituted with from about 1 to about 3 substituents, each of        the substituents may be the same or different and are selected        from the group consisting of alkyl groups having from 1 to 4        carbon atoms and hydroxyalkyl groups having from about 2 to        about 4 carbon atoms and    -   v is an integer from 1 to 6;    -   w is an integer from 0 to 20;        and mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant is comprised of sodiumtrideceth sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, disodium laurethsulfosuccinate, or mixtures thereof. Sodium trideceth sulfate is thesodium salt of sulfated ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol that conformsgenerally to the following formula, C₁₃H₂₇(OCH₂CH₂)_(n)OSO₃Na, where nhas a value between 1 and 4, and is commercially available from StepanCompany of Northfield, Ill. under the tradename, “Cedapal TD-403M.”Sodium laureth sulfate is available from from Albright & Wilson, Ltd.West Midlands, United Kingdom under the tradename, “Empicol 0251/70-J.”Disodium laureth sulfosuccinate is available commercially from Albright& Wilson, Ltd. of West Midlands, United Kingdom under the tradename,“Empicol SDD.”Hydrophobically modified, crosslinked, anionic acryliccopolymers suitable for use in the present invention are typically inthe form as random polymers, but may also exist in other forms such asblock, star, graft, and the like. In one embodiment, the hydrophobicallymodified, crosslinked, anionic acrylic copolymer may be synthesized fromat least one acidic monomer and at least one hydrophobic ethylenicallyunsaturated monomer. Examples of suitable acidic monomers include thoseethylenically unsaturated acid monomers that may be neutralized by abase. Examples of suitable hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturatedmonomers include those that contain a hydrophobic chain having a carbonchain length of at least 3 carbon atoms.

In another embodiment, the hydrophobically modified, crosslinked,anionic acrylic copolymer includes those compositions derived from atleast one unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer; at least one hydrophobicmonomer; a hydrophobic chain transfer agent comprising alkyl mercaptans,thioesters, amino acid-mercaptan-containing compounds or peptidefragments, or combinations thereof; a cross-linking agent; and,optionally, a steric stabilizer; wherein the amount of said unsaturatedcarboxylic acid monomer is from about 60% to about 98% by weight basedupon the total weight of said unsaturated monomers and said hydrophobicmonomer, as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 6,433,061, which is incorporatedby reference herein. In one embodiment, the polymer is an acrylatescopolymer that is commercially available from Noveon, Inc. under thetradename, “Carbopol Aqua SF-1.”

As used herein, the term “amphoteric” shall mean: 1) molecules thatcontain both acidic and basic sites such as, for example, an amino acidcontaining both amino (basic) and acid (e.g., carboxylic acid, acidic)functional groups; or 2) zwitterionic molecules which possess bothpositive and negative charges within the same molecule. The charges ofthe latter may be either dependent on or independent of the pH of thecomposition. Examples of zwitterionic materials include, but are notlimited to, alkyl betaines and amidoalkyl betaines. The amphotericsurfactants are disclosed herein without a counter ion. One skilled inthe art would readily recognize that under the pH conditions of thecompositions of the present invention, the amphoteric surfactants areeither electrically neutral by virtue of having balancing positive andnegative charges, or they have counter ions such as alkali metal,alkaline earth, or ammonium counter ions.

Suitable amphoteric surfactants include, but are not limited to,amphocarboxylates such as alkylamphoacetates (mono or di); alkylbetaines; amidoalkyl betaines; amidoalkyl sultaines; amphophosphates;phosphorylated imidazolines such as phosphobetaines andpyrophosphobetaines; carboxyalkyl alkyl polyamines;alkylimino-dipropionates; alkylamphoglycinates (mono or di);alkylamphoproprionates (mono or di),); N-alkyl β-aminoproprionic acids;alkylpolyamino carboxylates; and mixtures thereof.

Examples of suitable amphocarboxylate compounds include those of theformula:A-CONH(CH₂)_(x)N⁺R₅R₆R₇wherein

-   -   A is an alkyl or alkenyl group having from about 7 to about 21,        e.g. from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms;    -   x is an integer of from about 2 to about 6;    -   R₅ is hydrogen or a carboxyalkyl group containing from about 2        to about 3 carbon atoms;    -   R₆ is a hydroxyalkyl group containing from about 2 to about 3        carbon atoms or is a group of the formula:        R₈—O—(CH₂)_(n)CO₂ ⁻        wherein    -    R₈ is an alkylene group having from about 2 to about 3 carbon        atoms and n is 1 or 2; and    -   R₇ is a carboxyalkyl group containing from about 2 to about 3        carbon atoms;        In one embodiment, the amphocarboxylate compound is an        imidazoline surfactant, and more preferably a disodium        lauroamphodiacetate, which is commercially available from Mona        Chemical Company of Paterson, N.J. under the tradename,        “Monateric 949J.”

Examples of suitable alkyl betaines include those compounds of theformula:B—N⁺R₉R₁₀(CH₂)_(p)CO₂ ⁻wherein

-   -   B is an alkyl or alkenyl group having from about 8 to about 22,        e.g., from about 8 to about 16 carbon atoms;    -   R₉ and R₁O are each independently an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group        having from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; and    -   p is 1 or 2.        A preferred betaine for use in the present invention is lauryl        betaine, available commercially from Albright & Wilson, Ltd. of        West Midlands, United Kingdom as “Empigen BB/J.”

Examples of suitable amidoalkyl betaines include those compounds of theformula:D-CO—NH(CH₂)_(q)—N⁺R₁₁R₁₂(CH₂)_(m)CO₂ ⁻wherein

-   -   D is an alkyl or alkenyl group having from about 7 to about 21,        e.g. from about 7 to about 15 carbon atoms;    -   R₁₁ and R₁₂ are each independently an alkyl or    -   Hydroxyalkyl group having from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms;    -   q is an integer from about 2 to about 6; and m is 1 or 2.        One amidoalkyl betaine is cocamidopropyl betaine, available        commercially from Goldschmidt Chemical Corporation of Hopewell,        Va. under the tradename, “Tegobetaine L7.”

Examples of suitable amidoalkyl sultaines include those compounds of theformula

wherein

-   -   E is an alkyl or alkenyl group having from about 7 to about 21,        e.g. from about 7 to about 15 carbon atoms;    -   R₁₄ and R₁₅ are each independently an alkyl, or hydroxyalkyl        group having from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms;    -   r is an integer from about 2 to about 6; and    -   R₁₃ is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group having from about 2        to about 3 carbon atoms;

In one embodiment, the amidoalkyl sultaine is cocamidopropylhydroxysultaine, available commercially from Rhone-Poulenc Inc. ofCranbury, N.J. under the tradename, “Mirataine CBS.”

Examples of suitable amphophosphate compounds include those of theformula:

wherein

-   -   G is an alkyl or alkenyl group having about 7 to about 21, e.g.        from about 7 to about 15 carbon atoms;    -   s is an integer from about 2 to about 6;    -   R₁₆ is hydrogen or a carboxyalkyl group containing from about 2        to about 3 carbon atoms;    -   R₁₇ is a hydroxyalkyl group containing from about 2 to about 3        carbon atoms or a group of the formula:        R₁₉—O—(CH₂)_(t)—CO₂ ⁻        wherein    -    R₁₉ is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group having from about 2        to about 3 carbon atoms and    -    t is 1 or 2; and    -   R₁₈ is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group having from about 2        to about 3 carbon atoms.

In one embodiment, the amphophosphate compounds are sodium lauroamphoPG-acetate phosphate, available commercially from Mona Industries ofPaterson, N.J. under the tradename, “Monateric 1023,” and thosedisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,380,637, which is incorporated herein byreference.

Examples of suitable phosphobetaines include those compounds of theformula:

wherein E, r, R₁, R₂ and R₃, are as defined above. In one embodiment,the phosphobetaine compounds are those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.4,215,064, 4,617,414, and 4,233,192, which are all incorporated hereinby reference.

Examples of suitable pyrophosphobetaines include those compounds of theformula:

wherein E, r, R₁, R₂ and R₃, are as defined above. In one embodiment,the pyrophosphobetaine compounds are those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.4,382,036, 4,372,869, and 4,617,414, which are all incorporated hereinby reference.

Examples of suitable carboxyalkyl alkylpolyamines include those of theformula:

wherein

-   -   I is an alkyl or alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about        22, e.g. from about 8 to about 16 carbon atoms;    -   R₂₂ is a carboxyalkyl group having from about 2 to about 3        carbon atoms;    -   R₂₁ is an alkylene group having from about 2 to about 3 carbon        atoms and    -   u is an integer from about 1 to about 4.

In one embodiment, the carboxyalkyl alkyl polyamine is sodiumcarboxymethyl coco polypropylamine, available commercially from AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry under the tradename, “Ampholak 7CX/C.”

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant portion of the compositionsis comprised of a mixture of amphoteric surfactants, such asamphocarboxylate and alkyl betaine, or amphocarboxylate and amidoalkylbetaine.

The second embodiment of the present invention is directed to a personalcleansing composition containing, based upon the total weight of thecomposition, a) from about 3.5 percent to about 8 percent, e.g. fromabout 4 percent to about 8 percent or from about 4.5 percent to about 8percent of an anionic surfactant; b) from about 0.1 percent to about 3percent, e.g., from about 0.2 percent to about 2.7 percent or from about0.3 percent to about 2.4 percent, of a hydrophobically modified,crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymer; and c) from about 1 percent toabout 25 percent, e.g. from about 1 percent to about 20 percent or fromabout 1 percent to about 15 percent of a nonionic surfactant, whereinthe weight ratio of component a) to component b) in the composition isabout 1:1 to about 40:1, e.g. from about 3:1 to about 30:1 or from about3:1 to about 25:1 or from about 3:1 to about 20:1 or from about 3:1 toabout 1:1, and wherein the composition is mild to the skin and/or eyes.In embodiments wherein substantial lack of ocular sting is also ofconcern, the composition further contains, based upon the total weightof the cleansing composition, from about 0.5 percent to about 35percent, e.g. from about 1 percent to about 20 percent or from about 2percent to about 15 percent, of an amphoteric surfactant, wherein theweight ratio of anionic surfactant: amphoteric surfactant is from about1:0.8 to about 1:4, e.g., from about 1:0.9 to about 1:3 or from about1:1 to about 1:2.

Examples of suitable anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, andhydrophobically modified, crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymers includethose set forth above.

Examples of suitable nonionic surfactants include, but are not limitedto the fatty alcohol acid or amide ethoxylates, monoglycerideethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates alkyl polyglycosides, andmixtures thereof.

One suitable nonionic surfactant is the polyoxyethylene derivatives ofpolyol esters, wherein the polyoxyethylene derivative of polyol ester(1) is derived from (a) a fatty acid containing from about 8 to about22, and preferably from about 10 to about 14 carbon atoms, and (b) apolyol selected from sorbitol, sorbitan, glucose, α-methyl glucoside,polyglucose having an average of about 1 to about 3 glucose residues permolecule, glycerine, pentaerythritol and mixtures thereof, (2) containsan average of from about 10 to about 120, and preferably about 20 toabout 80 oxyethylene units; and (3) has an average of about 1 to about 3fatty acid residues per mole of polyoxyethylene derivative of polyolester.

Examples of polyoxyethylene derivatives of polyol esters include, butare not limited to PEG-80 sorbitan laurate and Polysorbate 20. PEG-80sorbitan laurate, which is a sorbitan monoester of lauric acidethoxylated with an average of about 80 moles of ethylene oxide, isavailable commercially from ICI Surfactants of Wilmington, Delawareunder the tradename, “Atlas G-4280.” Polysorbate 20, which is thelaurate monoester of a mixture of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydridescondensed with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide, is availablecommercially from ICI Surfactants of Wilmington, Del. under thetradename “Tween 20.”

Another class of suitable nonionic surfactants includes long chain alkylglucosides or polyglucosides, which are the condensation products of (a)a long chain alcohol containing from about 6 to about 22, and preferablyfrom about 8 to about 14 carbon atoms, with (b) glucose or aglucose-containing polymer. The alkyl gluocosides have about 1 to about6 glucose residues per molecule of alkyl glucoside. A preferredglucoside is decyl glucoside, which is the condensation product of decylalcohol with a glucose polymer and is available commercially from HenkelCorporation of Hoboken, N.J. under the tradename, “Plantaren 2000.”

A third embodiment of the present invention is directed to a personalcleansing composition containing, based upon the total weight of thecomposition, a) from about 4 percent to about 8.5 percent, e.g. fromabout 4.5 percent to about 8 percent or from about 5 percent to about 8percent, of an anionic surfactant; b) from about 0.1 percent to about 3percent, e.g. from about 0.2 percent to about 2.7 percent or from about0.3 percent to about 2.4 percent of a hydrophobically modified, anionic,acrylic crosslinked polymer; and c) from about 0.5 percent to about 35percent, e.g. from about 1 percent to about 20 percent or from about 2percent to about 15 percent of an amphoteric surfactant, wherein theweight ratio of anionic surfactant: amphoteric surfactant is from about1:0.8 to about 1:4, e.g., from about 1:0.9 to about 1:3.0 or from about1:1 to about 1.2, and wherein the weight ratio of component a) tocomponent b) composition is about 3:1 to about 40:1, e.g. from about 3:1to about 30:1 or from about 3:1 to about 20:1, and wherein thecomposition is not only mild to the skin and/or eyes, but is alsosubstantially free of ocular sting.

Examples of suitable anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, andhydrophobically modified, crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymers includethose set forth above.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a personalcleansing composition containing, based upon the total weight of thecomposition, from about 0.1 percent to about 12.5 percent, e.g. fromabout 1 percent to about 12 percent or from about 4 percent to about 10percent of an anionic surfactant; and b) from about 0.1 percent to about8 percent, e.g. from about 0.2 percent to about 7 percent or from about0.3 percent to about 6 percent, of a hydrophobically modified,crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymer, wherein the weight ratio ofcomponent a) to component b) composition is about 1:1 to about 40:1,e.g. from about 2:1 to about 30:1 or from about 3:1 to about 20:1, andthe composition is substantially free of amphoteric surfactants.

Examples of suitable anionic surfactants and hydrophobically modified,crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymers include those set forth above.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method ofreducing ocular sting in a detergent composition containing, based uponthe total weight of the composition, from about 4 percent to about 8.5percent, e.g. from about 4.5 percent to about 8 percent or from about 5percent to about 8 percent, of an anionic surfactant, and from about 1percent to about 30 percent, e.g. from about 1 percent to about 20percent or from about 2 percent to about 15 percent, of an amphotericsurfactant, by adding a hydrophobically modified, crosslinked anionicacrylic copolymer to such composition in an amount, based upon the totalweight of the composition, from greater than about 0.1 percent to about3 percent, e.g. greater than about 0.2 percent to less than about 2.7percent or from about 0.3 percent to about 2.4 percent, under conditionssufficient, wherein the weight ratio of anionic surfactant tohydrophobically modified, crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymer is about3:1 to about 40:1, e.g. from about 3:1 to about 30:1 or from about 3:1to about 20:1.

Examples of suitable amphoteric surfactants and hydrophobicallymodified, crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymers include those set forthabove.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method ofreducing skin and/or eye irritancy in a detergent compositioncontaining, based upon the total weight of the composition, from about0.1 percent to about 12.5 percent, e.g. from about 1.0 percent to about12.0 percent or from about 4.0 percent to about 10.0 percent of ananionic surfactant, by adding a hydrophobically modified, crosslinkedanionic acrylic copolymer thereto in an amount, based upon the totalweight of the composition, from greater than about 0.1 percent to about8.0 percent, e.g. greater than about 0.2 percent to about 7.0 percent orfrom about 0.3 percent to about 6.0 percent, under conditionssufficient, wherein the weight ratio of anionic surfactant tohydrophobically modified, crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymer is about1:1 to about 40:1, e.g. from about 2:1 to about 30:1 or from about 3:1to about 20:1.

Optionally, the personal cleansing compositions of this invention mayalso contain, based upon the total weight of the composition, from about0.01 percent to about 1 percent, e.g. from about 0.01 percent to about0.5 percent or from about 0.01 to about 0.2 percent, of at least oneconditioning agent. Examples of suitable cationic conditioning agentsnonexclusively include cationic cellulose derivatives; cationic guarderivatives; and diallyldimethylammonium chloride. Other suitableconditioning agents include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,876,705,which is incorporated herein by reference. Surfactant solublenon-volatile silicone conditioning agents are also useful.

The cationic cellulose derivative may be a polymeric quaternary ammoniumsalt derived from the reaction of hydroxyethyl cellulose with atrimethylammonium substituted epoxide. The material known asPolyquaternium-10, commercially available from Amerchol Corporation ofEdison, N.J. as “Polymer JR-400,” is especially useful in this regard.

The cationic guar derivative may be a guar hydroxypropyltrimoniumchloride, available commercially from Rhodia of Cranbury, N.J. under thetradename, “Jaguar C-17.”

Other useful cationic conditioning polymers are those derived from themonomer diallyldimethylammonium chloride. The homopolymer of thismonomer is Polyquaternium-6, which is available commercially form AlliedColloids of Suffolk, Va. under the tradename, “Salcare SC30.” Thecopolymer of diallyldimethylammonium chloride with acrylamide is knownas Polyquaternium-7, and is also available from Allied Colloids underthe tradename “Salcare SC10.”

The personal cleansing compositions of the present invention may alsoinclude one or more optional ingredients nonexclusively including apearlescent or opacifying agent, a thickening agent, secondaryconditioners, humectants, chelating agents, and additives which enhancetheir appearance, feel and fragrance, such as colorants, fragrances,preservatives, pH adjusting agents, and the like. The pH of the personalcleansing compositions of this invention is preferably maintained in therange of from about 5 to about 7.5, and more preferably from about 5.5to about 7.0.

Commercially available pearlescent or opacifying agents which arecapable of suspending water insoluble additives such as silicones and/orwhich tend to indicate to consumers that the resultant product is aconditioning shampoo are suitable for use in this invention. Thepearlescent or opacifying agent may be present in an amount, based uponthe total weight of the composition, of from about 1 percent to about 10percent, e.g. from about 1.5 percent to about 7 percent or from about 2percent to about 5 percent. Examples of suitable pearlescent oropacifying agents include, but are not limited to mono or diesters of(a) fatty acids having from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms and (b)either ethylene or propylene glycol; mono or diesters of (a) fatty acidshaving from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms (b) a polyalkylene glycolof the formula: HO-(JO)_(a)—H, wherein J is an alkylene group havingfrom about 2 to about 3 carbon atoms; and a is 2 or 3;fatty alcoholscontaining from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms; fatty esters of theformula: KCOOCH₂L, wherein K and L independently contain from about 15to about 21 carbon atoms; inorganic solids insoluble in the shampoocomposition, and mixtures thereof

The pearlescent or opacifying agent may be introduced to the mildcleansing composition as a pre-formed, stabilized aqueous dispersion,such as that commercially available from Henkel Corporation of Hoboken,N.J. under the tradename, “Euperlan PK-3000.” This material is acombination of glycol distearate (the diester of ethylene glycol andstearic acid), Laureth-4 (CH₃(CH₂)₁₀CH₂(OCH₂CH₂)₄OH) and cocamidopropylbetaine and may be in a weight percent ratio of from about 25 to about30: about 3 to about 15: about 20 to about 25, respectively.

Commercially available thickening agents, which are capable of impartingthe appropriate viscosity to the personal cleansing compositions aresuitable for use in this invention. If used, the thickener should bepresent in the shampoo compositions in an amount sufficient to raise theBrookfield viscosity of the composition to a value of between about 500to about 10,000 centipoise. Examples of suitable thickening agentsnonexclusively include: mono or diesters of 1) polyethylene glycol offormula: HO—(CH₂CH₂O)_(z)H, wherein z is an integer from about 3 toabout 200; and 2) fatty acids containing from about 16 to about 22carbon atoms; fatty acid esters of ethoxylated polyols; ethoxylatedderivatives of mono and diesters of fatty acids and glycerine;hydroxyalkyl cellulose; alkyl cellulose; hydroxyalkyl alkyl cellulose;and mixtures thereof. Preferred thickeners include polyethylene glycolester, and more preferably PEG-150 distearate which is available fromthe Stepan Company of Northfield, Ill. or from Comiel, S.p.A. ofBologna, Italy under the tradename, “PEG 6000 DS”.

Commercially available secondary conditioners, such as volatilesilicones, which impart additional attributes, such as gloss to the hairare suitable for use in this invention. In one embodiment, the volatilesilicone conditioning agent has an atmospheric pressure boiling pointless than about 220° C. The volatile silicone conditioner may be presentin an amount of from about 0 percent to about 3 percent, e.g. from about0.25 percent to about 2.5 percent or from about 0.5 percent to about 1.0percent, based on the overall weight of the composition. Examples ofsuitable volatile silicones nonexclusively include polydimethylsiloxane,polydimethylcyclosiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane, cyclomethicone fluidssuch as polydimethylcyclosiloxane available commercially from DowCorning Corporation of Midland, Mich. under the tradename, “DC-345” andmixtures thereof, and preferably include cyclomethicone fluids.

Commercially available humectants, which are capable of providingmoisturization and conditioning properties to the personal cleansingcomposition, are suitable for use in the present invention. Thehumectant may be present in an amount of from about 0 percent to about10 percent, e.g. from about 0.5 percent to about 5 percent or from about0.5 percent to about 3 percent, based on the overall weight of thecomposition. Examples of suitable humectants nonexclusively include: 1)water soluble liquid polyols selected from the group comprisingglycerine, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, butylene glycol,dipropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof; 2)polyalkylene glycol of theformula: HO—(R″O)_(b)—H, wherein R″ is an alkylene group having fromabout 2 to about 3 carbon atoms and b is an integer of from about 2 toabout 10; 3) polyethylene glycol ether of methyl glucose of formulaCH₃—C₆H₁₀O₅—(OCH₂CH₂)_(c)—OH, wherein c is an integer from about 5 toabout 25; 4) urea; and 5) mixtures thereof, with glycerine being thepreferred humectant.

Examples of suitable chelating agents include those which are capable ofprotecting and preserving the compositions of this invention.Preferably, the chelating agent is ethylenediamine tetracetic acid(“EDTA”), and more preferably is tetrasodium EDTA, availablecommercially from Dow Chemical Company of Midland, Mich. under thetradename, “Versene 100XL” and is present in an amount, based upon thetotal weight of the composition, from about 0 to about 0.5 percent orfrom about 0.05 percent to about 0.25 percent.

Suitable preservatives include Quaternium-15, available commercially as“Dowicil 200” from the Dow Chemical Corporation of Midland, Mich., andare present in the composition in an amount, based upon the total weightof the composition, from about 0 to about 0.2 percent or from about 0.05percent to about 0.10 percent.

The above described personal cleansing compositions may be prepared bycombining the desired components in a suitable container and mixing themunder ambient conditions in any conventional mixing means well known inthe art, such as a mechanically stirred propeller, paddle, and the like.Although the order of mixing is not critical, it is preferable topre-blend certain components, such as the fragrance and the nonionicsurfactant before adding such components into the main mixture.

The compositions of the present invention are preferably used inpersonal care products such as shampoos, washes, baths, gels, lotions,creams, and the like. The compositions may also be used in conjunctionwith cleansing implements such as wipes, poufs, sponges, cloths, and thelike, or may be impregnated therein. The compositions may also becombined with such implements for convenient sale and use in the form ofa kit.

In the embodiment of the present invention wherein the detergentcomposition is substantially free of non-ionic surfactants, we haveunexpectedly found that the addition of the hydrophobically modified,crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymer thereto not only produced adetergent composition that was mild to the skin and/or eyes, but thecomposition also possesses good foaming properties. Upon addition of anonionic surfactant thereto, we have further unexpectedly found that themildness of the resulting compositions was significantly improved. Inanother embodiment of the present invention wherein the detergentcomposition contained both an anionic surfactant and an amphotericsurfactant, we have unexpectedly found that the addition of thehydrophobically modified, crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymer theretoyields a composition having not only acceptable foaming properties, butalso superior mildness and low ocular sting properties. In yet anotherembodiment of the present invention wherein the detergent compositioncontained an anionic surfactant, we have further unexpectedly found thatthe addition of the hydrophobically modified, crosslinked anionicacrylic copolymer thereto yielded a mild detergent without the need toadditionally add amphoteric surfactants thereto and without detriment toits foaming properties.

The invention illustratively disclosed herein suitably may be practicedin the absence of any component, ingredient, or step which is notspecifically disclosed herein. Several examples are set forth below tofurther illustrate the nature of the invention and the manner ofcarrying it out. However, the invention should not be considered asbeing limited to the details thereof.

EXAMPLES

The following tests are used in the Examples:

1) Skin Assay Test—Mildness is determined using a skin equivalent modelas described by Bernhofer, et al., Toxicology in Vitro, 219-229 (1999),which is incorporated by reference herein. This model utilizessequential screens for determining cell viability, cell lysis andcytokine release in order to evaluate the mildness of a surfactantsystem to the skin. Cell viability is determined using an alamarBlue™assay, which is an indicator of metabolic activity. Cell lysis isdetected by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity released fromthe cytosol of damaged cells. Cytokine release (both IL-1∝ and IL-1ra )is measured for those sample sets which do not exhibit loss of cellviability or cell lysis.

In general, a EpiDerm™ Epi-100 human epidermal model is obtained fromMatTek Corporation (Ashland, Mass. USA) and maintained according to themanufacturers' instructions. Normal human-derived epidermalkeratinocytes (NREK) are then cultured to form a multilayereddifferentiated model of the epidermis. After a set of NREKs is exposedin triplicate to 100 μl of a topically applied surfactant sample, it isincubated for about 1 hour. After incubation, the set is washed fivetimes, 400 μl per wash, with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), placedonto a fresh assay media, and returned to the incubator for about 24hours.

Cell viability of the NREKs is determined 24 and 48 hours post treatmentwith the alamarBlue™ assay (Alamar Biosciences. Sacramento. Calif. USA)in accordance with manufacturers' protocols and a Cytofluor IIFluorescent Plate Reader (PerSeptive Biosystems. Framingham. Mass. USA).Cell lysis is determined colorimetrically using an LDH cytotoxicitydetection kit (Boehringer-Mannheim). Cytokine content is measured usinghuman colorimetric ELISA kits for IL-1∝ (ENDOGEN. Cambridge, Mass. USA),interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra, R&D Systems. Minneapolis.Minn., USA), granulocyte˜macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF).interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8). interleukin-IO (IL-b) andTNF∝ (PerSeptive Diagnostics. Cambridge, Mass. USA).

2. Ocular Sting Test: Using a double-blinded, randomized, two (2) cellstudy test design, one (1) drop of a sample (e.g. a 10% dilution of acleansing composition in water) at a temperature of about 38° C. isinstilled into a subject's eye. A new sterile disposable eyedropper isused for each sample and disposed of after being used on only oneindividual's eye. All instillations are performed either by aninvestigator or by a trained technician.

Within 30 seconds, or as closely as possible following instillation, thesubject is asked to grade the perceived stinging sensation to the eyeutilizing the following criteria:

-   -   Sting    -   0=Within normal limits    -   1=Mild, very slight    -   2=Moderate    -   3=Severe        After 15 minutes and 60 minutes post-instillation, the subject        is again asked to grade the perceived stinging sensation to the        eye.

3.) Trans-Epithelial Permeability Test (“TEP Test”): Irritation to theeyes expected for a given formulation is measured in accordance with theInvittox Protocol Number 86, the “Trans-epithelial Permeability (TEP)Assay” as set forth in Invittox Protocol Number 86 (May 1994). Ingeneral, the ocular irritation potential of a product can be evaluatedby determining its effect on the permeability of a cell layer, asassessed by the leakage of fluorescein through the layer. Monolayers ofMadin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells are grown to confluence onmicroporous inserts in a 24-well plate containing medium or assay bufferin the lower wells. The irritation potential of a product is evaluatedby measuring the damage to the permeability barrier in the cellmonolayer following a 15 minute exposure to dilutions of the product.Barrier damage is assessed by the amount of sodium fluorescein that hasleaked through to the lower well after 30 minutes, as determinedspectrophotometrically. The fluorescein leakage is plotted against theconcentration of test material to determine the EC₅₀ (the concentrationof test material that causes 50% of maximum dye leakage, i.e., 50%damage to the permeability barrier). Higher scores are indicative ofmilder formulas.

Exposure of a layer of MDCK cells grown on a microporous membrane to atest sample is a model for the first event that occurs when an irritantcomes in contact with the eye. In vivo, the outermost layers of thecorneal epithelium form a selectively permeable barrier due to thepresence of tight junctions between cells. On exposure to an irritant,the tight junctions separate, thereby removing the permeability barrier.Fluid is imbibed to the underlying layers of epithelium and to thestroma, causing the collagen lamellae to separate, resulting in opacity.The TEP assay measures the effect of an irritant on the breakdown oftight junctions between cells in a layer of MDCK cells grown on amicroporous insert. Damage is evaluated spectrophotometrically, bymeasuring the amount of marker dye (sodium fluorescein) that leaksthrough the cell layer and microporous membrane to the lower well.

Examples 1-4 Preparation of Cleansing Compositions

The cleansing compositions of Examples 1 through 4 were preparedaccording to the materials and amounts listed in Table 1.: TABLE 1* INCIName 1 2 3 4 Carbopol Aqua SF-1 Acrylates Copolymer 6.000 6.000 — —(30%) Atlas G-4280 (72%) PEG-80 Sorbitan — 4.580 — 4.580 LaurateTegobetaine L7V (30%) Cocamidopropyl 9.330 9.330 9.330 9.330 BetaineMonateric 949J (30%) Disodium 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000Lauroamphodiacetate Cedepal TD403LD Sodium Trideceth 10.000  10.000 10.000  10.000  (30%) Sulfate Glycerin 917 (99%) Glycerin 1.900 1.9001.900 1.900 Polymer JR-400 Polyquaternium-10 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140Dowicil 200 Quaternium-15 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 Versene 100XLTetrasodium EDTA 0.263 0.263 0.263 0.263 Sodium Hydroxide SodiumHydroxide 0.500 0.500 — — solution (20%) Citric Acid solution CitricAcid — — 0.500 0.500 (20%) Water Water qs qs qs qs*expressed in % w/w

Preparation of Example 1

After water (50.0 parts) was added to a beaker, Carbopol Aqua SF-1 wasthen added thereto with mixing. The following ingredients were thenadded thereto independently with mixing until each respective resultingmixture was homogenous: Tegobetaine L7V, Monateric 949J, CedepalTD403LD, Glycerin 917, Polymer JR400, Dowicil 200, and Versene 100XL.The pH of the resulting solution was then adjusted with a 20% SodiumHydroxide solution until a final pH of about 6.3 to 6.6 was obtained.The remainder of the water was then added thereto.

Preparation of Example 2

The procedure to produce composition 1 was independently repeated, withthe exception that Atlas G-4280 was added to the water/Carbopol mixtureprior to the addition of the Tegobetaine L7V thereto.

Preparation of Example 3

The procedure set forth to produce composition 2 was independentlyrepeated, with the exception that neither Carbopol nor Atlas G-4280 wasadded to the composition, and that the 20% Sodium Hydroxide solution wasreplaced with a 20% Citric Acid solution.

Preparation of Example 4

The procedure set forth to produce composition 2 was independentlyrepeated, with the exception that the Atlas G-4280 was added to thewater, and that the 20% Sodium Hydroxide solution was replaced with a20% Citric Acid solution.

Mildness Comparison of Examples 1-4

The compositions prepared in accordance with Examples 1-4 were testedfor mildness in accordance with the above TEP Test and Ocular StingTest. Table 2 lists the TEP values and the Ocular Sting values reportedfor the compositions of Examples 1-4, respectively: TABLE 2 MildnessComparison % Ocular Sting Value** (Example Example TEP value vs ControlExample 1 4.93 ± 0.32 13 vs 3 Example 2 6.23 ± 0.81  0 vs 0 Example 3*4.37 ± 0.58 13 vs 0 Example 4 5.29 ± 0.30 13 vs 7*Example 3 was statistically significantly different than Example 1 at(90% CI), and was statistically significantly different than Examples 2and 4 at (95% CI).**With respect to ocular sting, the results of Table 2 were reported interms of a weighted percentage of subjects who found the respectiveExample to be stinging to their eye versus those who perceived stingingwhen the control, i.e.,# sterile distilled water, was adminstered in their eye. In other words,the weighted percentage of subjects may be expressed in terms of:

$\frac{X(100)}{\left( {{total}\quad\#\quad{panelists}} \right)\quad\left( {{maximum}\quad{intensity}\quad{score}} \right)}$wherein X is the sum of [(# panelists responding for a given intensitycriteria)(that intensity criteria chosen)]

As demonstrated in Example 3, compositions that did not contain both anonionic surfactant (POE 80 Sorbitan Laurate) and hydrophobicallymodified, crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymer (Carbopol Aqua SF-1)yielded a significantly lower TEP value than the compositions of theother three Examples. This indicated that the composition of Example 3was comparatively the most irritating to the skin and eye tissue.Furthermore, the perceived sting value recorded for the composition ofExample 3 was also comparatively higher relative to the sting values forthe other compositions, which again indicated that it possessed thecomparatively highest sting to the eye.

These Examples further showed that upon the addition of either anonionic surfactant or a hydrophobically modified, crosslinked anionicacrylic copolymer to the system, (Examples 4 and 1, respectively), anincrease in TEP values and an improvement in ocular sting values werenoted. This indicated that the skin/eye irritation and ocular stingproperties of these compositions were lowered upon the addition ofeither of these compounds to the system. Thus, it was unexpectedly foundthat a known irritation mitigant, e.g. an nonionic surfactant, may besubstituted with a hydrophobically modified, crosslinked anionic acryliccopolymer in a detergent system without detriment to skin/eye irritationand ocular sting.

These Examples further showed that upon the addition of both a nonionicsurfactant and a hydrophobically modified, crosslinked anionic acryliccopolymer to the system (Example 2), a significant increase in TEPvalues and reduction of ocular sting values were noted. This indicatedthat skin and eye irritation and ocular sting properties could besignificantly lowered by utilizing a combination of a nonionicsurfactant with a hydrophobically modified, crosslinked anionic acryliccopolymer.

Examples 5-10 Preparation of Cleansing Compositions

The cleansing compositions of Examples 5 through 10 were preparedaccording to the materials and amounts listed in Table 3. TABLE 3* INCIName 5 6 7 8 9 10 Carbopol Acrylates — 0.900 2.700 3.600 4.500 6.000Aqua SF-1 Copolymer (30%) Atlas G- PEG-80 4.580 4.580 4.580 4.580 4.5804.580 4280 Sorbitan (72%) Laurate Tegobetaine Cocamidopropyl 11.330 11.330  11.330  11.330  11.330  11.330  L7V Betaine (30%) Cedepal Sodium20.000  20.000  20.000  20.000  20.000  20.000  TD403LD Trideceth (30%)Sulfate Glycerin Glycerin 1.900 1.900 1.900 1.900 1.900 1.900 917 (99%)Polymer Polyquaternium- 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 JR-400 10Dowicil 200 Quaternium-15 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 VerseneTetrasodium 0.263 0.263 0.263 0.263 0.263 0.263 100XL EDTA Water Waterqs qs qs qs qs qs*expressed in % w/w

Each of the compositions of Table 3 was independently prepared asfollows:

Water (50.0 parts) was added to a beaker. For examples 6 through 10,Carbopol Aqua SF-1 was added to the water with mixing. (For Example 5,this step was omitted.) The Atlas G-4280 was then added thereto withmixing. For examples 5-10, the following ingredients were then addedthereto independently with mixing until each respective resultingmixture was homogenous: Tegobetaine L7V, Cedepal TD403LD, Glycerin 917,Polymer JR400, Dowicil 200, and Versene 100XL. The pH of the resultingsolution was then adjusted with either a 20% Sodium Hydroxide solutionor a 20% Citric Acid solution until a final pH of about 6.3 to 6.6 wasobtained. The remainder of the water was then added thereto.

Mildness Comparison of Cleansing Compositions: The compositions preparedin accordance with Examples 5-10 were then tested for mildness inaccordance with the above TEP Test. Table 4 lists the TEP value of thecomposition of each Example: TABLE 4 Mildness Comparison Example TEPvalue Example 5 1.46 ± 0.26 Example 6 2.68 ± 0.28 Example 7 2.85 ± 0.51Example 8 2.74 ± 0.18 Example 9 3.34 ± 0.83 Example 10 3.26 ± 0.39

As shown in Example 5, the composition containing a relatively highamount of anionic surfactant (6.0% active) without the hydrophobicallymodified, crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymer recorded a relativelylow TEP value and thus was considered to be irritating. However, uponthe addition of the hydrophobically modified, crosslinked anionicacrylic copolymer thereto as shown in Example 6, the TEP score wasimproved. Examples 7 to 10 further showed that as the amount ofhydrophobically modified, crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymer added tothe composition was increased, the TEP values for those respectivecompositions were generally concomitantly improved.

These Examples indicated that the presence of the hydrophobicallymodified, crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymer significantly improvedthe skin/eye mildness of the compositions, and that such mildnessgenerally improved as the amount of the copolymer was increased.Additionally, a comparison of the composition of Example 2 and thecomposition of Example 10 revealed a relationship between mildness (e.g.TEP score) and the ratio of (anionic surfactant: hydrophobicallymodified, crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymer).

Examples 11-13 Preparation of Cleansing Compositions

The cleansing compositions of Examples 11 through 13 were preparedaccording to the materials and amounts listed in Table 5.: TABLE 5* INCIName 5/11** 12 13 Carbopol Aqua SF-1 Acrylates Copolymer — 6.000 6.000(30%) Atlas G-4280 (72%) PEG-80 Sorbitan 4.580 4.580 4.580 LaurateTegobetaine Cocamidopropyl 11.330  11.330  28.000  L7V (30%) BetaineCedepal TD403LD Sodium Trideceth 20.000  20.000  20.000  (30%) SulfateGlycerin 917 (99%) Glycerin 1.900 1.900 1.900 Polymer JR-400Polyquaternium-10 0.140 0.140 0.140 Dowicil 200 Quaternium-15 0.0500.050 0.050 Versene 100XL Tetrasodium EDTA 0.263 0.263 0.263 Water Waterqs qs qs*expressed in % w/w**Example 11 is the same as Example 5

The compositions of Table 5 were prepared as follows: Water (25.0 parts)was added to a beaker. For examples 12 & 13, Carbopol Aqua SF-1 wasadded to the water with mixing. (For Example 11, this step was omitted.)The following ingredients were then added thereto independently withmixing until each respective resulting mixture was homogenous: AtlasG-4280, Tegobetaine L7V, Cedepal TD403LD, Glycerin 917, Polymer JR400,Dowicil 200, and Versene 100XL. The pH of the resulting solution wasthen adjusted with either a 20% Sodium Hydroxide solution or a 20%Citric Acid solution until a final pH of about 6.3 to 6.6 was obtained.The remainder of the water was then added thereto.

Mildness Comparison of Cleansing Compositions: The compositions preparedin accordance with Examples 11-13 were tested for mildness in accordancewith the above TEP Test and Ocular Sting Test, and the results arelisted below in Table 6: TABLE 6 Mildness Comparison % Ocular StingValue (Example Example TEP value vs Control) Example 5/11** 1.46 + 0.26Not Tested Example 12 3.26 + 0.39 23 vs 0 Example 13 3.02 + 0.76 10 vs 0**Example 11 is the same as Example 5

Because the composition of Example #11, which was devoid of thehydrophobically modified, crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymer, yieldeda significantly low TEP value, it was considered to be irritating andnot acceptable for testing on humans; therefore, the Ocular Sting Testwas not performed on that composition.

As shown in Example 12, the addition of the hydrophobically modified,crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymer to the composition contributed tothe significant increase in TEP values, which indicated that theresulting composition was mild to the skin and/or eyes. However, theOcular Sting value indicated that the composition still possessed anundesirable level of perceived sting.

Example 13 showed that upon the addition of an amphoteric surfactant tothe composition of Example 12, the resulting composition was not onlymild to the skin and/or eyes, but also was substantially free of ocularsting.

These Examples demonstrated that skin and eye irritation of acomposition containing a relatively high amount of anionic surfactantcould be reduced by the addition of the hydrophobically modified,crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymer thereto; however, the resultingcomposition still retained an ocular sting. These Examples furtherdemonstrated that ocular sting effects could be reduced by the additionof an amphoteric surfactant thereto, and revealed an anionic surfactant:amphoteric surfactant ratio capable of reducing such effects.

Examples 14-19 Preparation of Cleansing Compositions

The cleansing compositions of Examples 14 through 19 were preparedaccording to the materials and amounts listed in Table 7.: TABLE 7* INCIName 14 15 16 17 18 19** Alcosperse 747 Modified 4.500 — — — — — (40%)Polycarboxylate*** PEG 8000 PEG 8000*** — 1.800 — — — — (100%) PolyoxWSR 205 PEG-14M*** — — 1.800 — — — (100%) Carbopol ETD Carbomer*** — — —1.800 — — 2020 (100%) Carbopol Ultrez Carbomer**** — — — — 1.800 — 10(100%) Carbopol AQUA Acrylates Copolymer — — — — — 6.000 SF1 (30%)Tegobetaine L7V Cocamidopropyl 9.330 9.330 9.330 9.330 9.330 9.330 (30%)Betaine Monateric 949J Disodium 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000(30%) Lauroamphodiacetate Cedepal Sodium Trideceth 10.000  10.000 10.000  10.000  10.000  10.000  TD403LD (30%) Sulfate Glycerin 917Glycerin 1.900 1.900 1.900 1.900 1.900 1.900 (99%) Polymer JR-400Polyquaternium-10 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 Dowicil 200Quaternium-15 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 Versene 100XLTetrasodium EDTA 0.263 0.263 0.263 0.263 0.263 0.263 Sodium SodiumHydroxide — — 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 Hydroxide solution (20%) CitricAcid Citric Acid 0.500 0.500 — — — — solution (20%) Water Water qs qs qsqs qs qs*expressed in % w/w**Example 19 is the same as Example 1***polymer is not crosslinked****polymer is crosslinked, but not hydrophobically modified

The compositions of Table 7 were prepared as follows: Water (50.0 parts)was added to a beaker. The polymer (Alcosperse 747 in Example #14, PEG8000 in Example #15, Polyox WSR 205 in Example #16, and Carbopol ETD2020 in Example #17) was added to the water with mixing. The followingingredients were added thereto independently with mixing until eachrespective resulting mixture was homogenous: Tegobetaine L7V, Monateric949J, Cedepal TD403LD, Glycerin 917, Polymer JR400, Dowicil 200, andVersene 100XL. The pH of the resulting solution was then adjusted witheither a 20% Citric Acid solution (Examples 14 & 15) or a 20% SodiumHydroxide solution (Examples 16-19) until a final pH of about 6.3 to 6.6was obtained. The remainder of the water was then added thereto.

Mildness Comparison of Cleansing Compositions: The compositions preparedin accordance with Examples 14-19 were tested for mildness in accordancewith the above TEP Test, and the results are listed below in Table 8:TABLE 8 Mildness Comparison Example TEP value Example 14 3.04 ± 0.04Example 15 3.64 ± 1.01 Example 16 3.69 ± 0.98 Example 17 4.08 ± 0.18Example 18 Not Tested# Example 19 4.93 ± 0.32*#= Example was not stable or homogenous*= Statistically Significantly Different (95% CI)

The composition of Example #18 (Ultrez-10), which utilized anon-hydrophobically modified acrylic polymer, was not compatible with ahigh electrolyte system such as that of the present cleansingcomposition and thus yielded an unstable, non-homogenous system thatcould not be tested in accordance with the TEP Test.

These Examples showed that the hydrophobically modified, crosslinkedanionic acrylic copolymer provided superior irritation mitigationrelative to that provided by a variety of other polymers. Statisticalanalysis of the data further demonstrated that the hydrophobicallymodified, crosslinked anionic acrylic copolymer demonstratedsignificantly better irritation mitigation than that of any of the othertested polymers at a 95% confidence interval.

This Example further showed that not all polymers are capable ofmitigating skin/eye irritation of a cleansing surfactant composition.Accordingly, this Example suggested that both the presence ofhydrophobic modification and crosslinking in the polymer contributed tothe significantly reduced skin/eye irritation properties possessed bythe cleansing surfactant composition.

Examples 20-23 Preparation of Cleansing Compositions

The cleansing compositions of Examples 20 through 23 were preparedaccording to the materials and amounts listed in Table 9.: TABLE 9* INCIName 20 21 22 23 Carbopol Aqua SF-1 Acrylates Copolymer 6.000 — 6.000 —(30%) Atlas G-4280 (72%) PEG-80 Sorbitan Laurate 4.580 4.580 — —Tegobetaine L7V (30%) Cocamidopropyl Betaine 9.330 9.330 — — Monateric949J (30%) Disodium 2.000 2.000 — — Lauroamphodiacetate Cedepal TD403LD(30%) Sodium Trideceth Sulfate 20.000  20.000  20.000  20.000  Glycerin917 (99%) Glycerin 1.900 1.900 1.900 1.900 Polymer JR-400Polyquaternium-10 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 Dowicil 200 Quaternium-150.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 Versene 100XL Tetrasodium EDTA 0.263 0.263 0.2630.263 Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide 0.500 — 0.500 — solution (20%)Citric Acid solution (20%) Citric Acid — 0.500 — 0.500 Water Water55.237  61.237  71.147  77.147 *expressed in % w/w

The compositions of Table 9 were prepared as follows:

Water (50.0 parts) was added to a beaker. For examples 20 & 22 CarbopolAqua SF-1 was added to the water with mixing. (For examples 21 & 23,this step was omitted.) For examples 20 & 21, Atlas G-4280 was thenadded to the water or water/Carbopol mixture. For examples 20 & 21, thefollowing ingredients were added thereto independently with mixing untileach respective resulting mixture was homogenous: Tegobetaine L7V,Monateric 949J, Cedepal TD403LD, Glycerin 917, Polymer JR400, Dowicil200, and Versene 100XL. For examples 3 & 4, the Tegobetaine L7V andMonateric 949J were omitted. The pH of the resulting solution was thenadjusted with either a 20% Sodium Hydroxide solution (Examples 20 & 22)or a 20% Citric Acid solution (Examples 21 & 23) until a final pH ofabout 6.3 to 6.6 was obtained. The remainder of the water was then addedthereto.

Mildness Comparison of Cleansing Compositions: The compositions preparedin accordance with Examples 20-23 were tested for mildness in accordancewith the above TEP Test, and the results are listed below in Table 10:TABLE 10 Mildness Comparison Example TEP value Example 20 1.94 ± 0.69Example 21 1.72 ± 0.18 Example 22 1.19 ± 0.25 Example 23 1.19 ± 0.14

The TEP value reported for the composition of Example 20 wassignificantly lower than the TEP values reported for similarcompositions as set forth in Examples 10 and 12. Due to thisinconsistency, it was unclear as to whether or not the TEP Tests forexamples 20-23 were properly performed in accordance with the prescribedprotocol.

Mildness Comparison of Cleansing Compositions Using Skin Assay Test:

The compositions prepared in accordance with Examples 20-23 are testedfor mildness in accordance with the above Skin Assay Test. This testshows that the compositions of Examples 20 and 22 pass the four screensof the Skin Assay Test and are thus considered to be mild to the skin.

1. A personal cleansing composition comprising, based upon the totalweight of the composition,: a) from about 1 percent to about 8 percentof an anionic surfactant; and b) from about 0.1 percent to about 3percent of a hydrophobically modified, crosslinked, anionic acryliccopolymer, wherein the weight ratio of component a) to component b) isabout 1:1 to about 20:1, and wherein the composition is mild to the skinand/or eyes and is substantially free of non-ionic surfactants.
 2. Thecomposition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of component a) tocomponent b) is about 1:1 to about 5:1.
 3. The composition of claim 1,wherein the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting ofalkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, sulfosuccinates, isethionates,acyl amides, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkyl phosphates, and mixturesthereof.
 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the anionic surfactantis comprised of alkyl ether sulfates and/or alkyl ether carboxylates. 5.The composition of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobically modified,crosslinked, anionic acrylic copolymer is comprised of at least oneacidic monomer and at least one hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturatedmonomer.
 6. The composition of claim 5, wherein the at least one acidicmonomer is an ethylenically unsaturated acid monomer capable ofneutralization with a base, and the at least one hydrophobicethylenically unsaturated monomer is comprised of a hydrophobic carbonchain having at least three carbon atoms.
 7. The composition of claim 1,wherein the hydrophobically modified, crosslinked, anionic acryliccopolymer is a composition derived from at least one unsaturatedcarboxylic acid monomer; at least one hydrophobic monomer; a hydrophobicchain transfer agent comprising alkyl mercaptans, thioesters, aminoacid-mercaptan-containing compounds or peptide fragments, orcombinations thereof; a cross-linking agent; and, optionally, a stericstabilizer; wherein the amount of said unsaturated carboxylic acidmonomer is from about 60% to about 98% by weight based upon the totalweight of said unsaturated monomers and said hydrophobic monomer.
 8. Thecomposition of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobically modified,crosslinked, anionic acrylic copolymer is a carbomer available under thetradename, “Carbopol Aqua SF-1.”
 9. The composition of claim 1 furthercomprising, based upon the total weight of the composition, from about 1percent to about 30 percent of an amphoteric surfactant, wherein thecomposition is substantially free of ocular sting.
 10. The compositionof claim 9, wherein the weight ratio of the anionic surfactant:amphoteric surfactant is from about 1:0.8 to about 1:4.
 11. Thecomposition of claim 8, wherein the amphoteric surfactant is selectedfrom the group consisting of alkylimino-diproprionates,alkylamphoglycinates (mono or di), alkylamphoproprionates (mono or di),alkylamphoacetates (mono or di), N-alkyl β-aminoproprionic acids,alkylpolyamino carboxylates, phosphorylated imidazolines, alkylbetaines, alkylamido betaines, alkyl sultaines, alkylamido sultaines,and mixtures thereof.
 12. A personal cleansing composition comprising,based upon the total weight of the composition: a) from about 1 percentto about 8 percent of an anionic surfactant selected from the groupconsisting of alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl ether carboxylates, andmixtures thereof; and b) from about 0.1 percent to about 3.0 percent ofa hydrophobically modified, crosslinked, anionic acrylic copolymer thatis derived from at least one unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer; atleast one hydrophobic monomer; a hydrophobic chain transfer agentcomprising alkyl mercaptans, thioesters, amino acid-mercaptan-containingcompounds or peptide fragments, or combinations thereof; a cross-linkingagent; and, optionally, a steric stabilizer; wherein the amount of saidunsaturated carboxylic acid monomer is from about 60% to about 98% byweight based upon the total weight of said unsaturated monomers and saidhydrophobic monomer, wherein the weight ratio of component a) tocomponent b) is about 1:1 to about 20:1, and wherein the composition ismild to the skin and is substantially free of non-ionic surfactants. 13.The composition of claim 12, wherein the hydrophobically modified,crosslinked, anionic acrylic copolymer is comprised of at least oneacidic monomer and at least one hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturatedmonomer.
 14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the at least oneacidic monomer is an ethylenically unsaturated acid monomer capable ofneutralization with a base, and the at least one hydrophobicethylenically unsaturated monomer is comprised of a hydrophobic carbonchain having at least three carbon atoms.
 15. The composition of claim12, wherein the hydrophobically modified, crosslinked, anionic acryliccopolymer is a composition derived from at least one unsaturatedcarboxylic acid monomer; at least one hydrophobic monomer; a hydrophobicchain transfer agent comprising alkyl mercaptans, thioesters, aminoacid-mercaptan-containing compounds or peptide fragments, orcombinations thereof; a cross-linking agent; and, optionally, a stericstabilizer; wherein the amount of said unsaturated carboxylic acidmonomer is from about 60% to about 98% by weight based upon the totalweight of said unsaturated monomers and said hydrophobic monomer. 16.The composition of claim 12, wherein the hydrophobically modified,crosslinked, anionic acrylic copolymer is a carbomer available under thetradename, “Carbopol Aqua SF-1.”
 17. The composition of claim 12 furthercomprising, based upon the total weight of the composition, from about 1percent to about 30 percent of an amphoteric surfactant, wherein thecomposition is substantially free of ocular sting.
 18. The compositionof claim 17, wherein the weight ratio of the anionic surfactant:amphoteric surfactant is from about 1:0.8 to about 1:4.